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Jenkins’ Ear Day on April 9 commemorates a bizarre yet pivotal moment in 18th-century Anglo-Spanish relations: Captain Robert Jenkins’ infamous ear loss. This peculiar incident, occurring in 1731, became a rallying cry that eventually ignited the War of Jenkins’ Ear. Dive into the history, learn about the key figures, and understand the lasting impact of this unusual event on international diplomacy.
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History of Jenkins Ear Day
The Royal Naval commander in Port Royal said that people involved in what he described as “clandestine trade” had no right to complain if their cargoes were confiscated and often indulged in violence. After all, such incidents were seen as normal at the time — the cost of doing business. The English people were enraged by the incident and demanded that the Spanish be taught a lesson. Cutting off Englishmen’s ears was unacceptable!
Jenkins’ ear stirred up the country’s imagination. The power of this shriveled object was immense and the ear became a symbol of English pride. To this extent, the ear started a war between England and Spain in 1739. Consequently, the war is known as the War of Jenkins’ Ear which occurred in several waves. There were several diplomatic negotiation attempts between England and Spain throughout the 1730s in Europe and America. However, these only heightened the animosity between the two nations, leading to the War of Jenkins’ Ear in late 1739.
The British launched attacks on Spanish possessions in Central America, resulting in high casualties mainly from disease. After 1742, this war was overtaken by the wider War of the Austrian Succession, in which most of the powers of Europe took part. Peace was only restored with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. Traditionally, the main cause of the War of Jenkins’ Ear has been stated as a dispute between Spain and Britain over access to markets in Spanish America. However, in recent times, historians such as Woodfine and Anderson argue that this was only one of many issues. The other reasons include tensions with Spain over colonial expansion in North America and French concern at the growth in British commercial strength from 1714.
Jenkins Ear Day timeline
Admiral Vernon sends three ships to intercept Spanish ships between Porto Bello and La Guaira.
Admiral Vernon attacks the port with six ships of the line, and Porto Bello falls within 24 hours.
The song ‘Rule Britannia’ is written to celebrate Porto Bello's capture by the British.
Essayist and historian Thomas Carlyle writes the book “History of Friedrich II'' in which he mentions the War of Jenkins's Ear.
Jenkins Ear Day FAQs
When is Jenkins' Ear Day?
In 2027, Jenkins’ Ear Day will be observed on Friday, April 9. It’s a dedicated day to reflect on the historical event that dramatically escalated tensions between Britain and Spain.
What was the War of Jenkins' Ear?
This peculiar war, lasting until 1748, was sparked by Captain Jenkins’ testimony to the British Parliament in 1738, where he presented his preserved ear as proof of Spanish brutality. It eventually merged into the larger War of the Austrian Succession.
How long did the War of Jenkins' Ear last?
Though often considered a distinct conflict, the War of Jenkins’ Ear essentially continued as a theater of the broader European War of the Austrian Succession. The formal peace treaty, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, brought an end to hostilities.
Why was Captain Jenkins' ear so important?
The ear served as a propaganda tool, transforming abstract trade disputes into a tangible act of brutality that outraged the British populace and politicians alike. It was instrumental in shifting political will towards declaring war on Spain.
Jenkins Ear Day Activities
Go sailing
You might not have access to the warships of Jenkins’ time, but any vessel that can take you on the water safely will do. Get a feel of what it would have been like to be attacked while at sea.
Play dress-up
Gather some friends and dress up in vintage mariner attire. Take pictures and videos to keep the memories alive for years.
Keep your ears safe
Even though the chances of you getting your ears sliced off are low, they’re still under threat. Loud noise is the biggest culprit facing these organs. Keep them safe by enjoying your entertainment at a reasonable volume and staying away from extremely noisy places.
5 Facts About The War Of Jenkins’ Ear
Special treatment for the Spanish
The 1729 Treaty of Seville allowed the Spanish to board British vessels trading with the Americas to inspect them for contraband.
Fact or fiction?
The confrontational nature of British politics in 1738 made many people who were opposed to launching a naval war against Spain doubt the authenticity of Jenkins' story.
The story makes it to the media
The attack on Jenkins was reported in “The Gentleman's Magazine” in June 1731.
An attacker was imprisoned
Juan de León Fandiño was held in captivity for 19 months by the British.
Jenkins in politics
He was dispatched to Saint Helena as acting governor for some time in the early 1740s.
Why We Love Jenkins Ear Day
It’s humorous
Apart from Peter lopping off Malchus’ ear in the “Bible,” this is one of the few real-life tales in history that document someone losing an ear during a duel. You’ve got to admit, it’s pretty funny.
It’s an important historical event
Jenkins being assaulted in itself was significant. However, even more, were the events that spun off from it such as several wars between the Spanish and the British.
It gives credibility
If it wasn’t for the written records, it would be difficult for many people to believe the events that transpired. Thankfully, Jenkins’ Ear Day keeps the story alive.
