Vanuatu Independence Day – July 30, 2025

History of Vanuatu Independence Day

Vanuatu gained independence from Great Britain in 1980. British interference with Vanuatu began in July 1774 when Captain James Cook — a British explorer — arrived on the islands. He investigated the islands from July to September 1774, eventually naming them ‘New Hebrides’ —a reference to the Hebrides off Scotland’s west coast. From 1839 onwards, a growing number of Europeans — mostly Protestant and Roman Catholic missionaries — arrived in the New Hebrides in an attempt to convert the islanders to Christianity. Cotton, coffee, cocoa, bananas, and coconuts were among the commodities brought in by British subjects from Australia. French settlers followed in their footsteps, and by 1906, the French population outnumbered the British population by 173.

In 1906, both the British and French governments made an agreement called Anglo-French Condominium to jointly administer the islands. The Anglo-French Condominium entailed the simultaneous operation of two legal, governmental, judicial, and financial systems. Native Vanuatu citizens, on the other hand, were not permitted to become citizens of either country. In addition, the victims were subjected to other forms of labor exploitation. Due to the fall of France to Germany during World War II, the British acquired the upper hand on the islands. When the war drew to a close, the now-ineffective Condominium government struggled to reassert its authority.

In the 1970s, movements and agitation for independence began, with the native people forming their own parties. After several elections which turned out to be unsuccessful, a compromise was brokered between the Anglo-French and the native parties. Independence was scheduled for July 30, 1980, while elections were held between the two major parties. Now renamed the Republic of Vanuatu, New Hebrides gained independence on July 30, 1980, under a new government led by Prime Minister Walter Lini.