Blackface's Shameful History Runs Deep in America

A new book examines how minstrelsy was once at the center of the nation's cultural life.

Mar. 23, 2026 at 9:03am

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A new book by historian Rhae Lynn Barnes examines the pervasive and disturbing history of blackface minstrelsy in America. Barnes has spent two decades uncovering the widespread use of blackface in amateur performances, from schools and churches to the Elks Lodge and even the White House. Her book, "Darkology: Blackface and the American Way of Entertainment," reveals how this racist practice was once seen as harmless and as American as apple pie, perpetuating harmful stereotypes about Black people.

Why it matters

Blackface minstrelsy was not a fringe or isolated phenomenon, but was deeply embedded in American culture and society, from entertainment to politics. The book sheds light on how this practice helped justify racial inequality and oppression, and how its legacy continues to impact the country today.

The details

Barnes has meticulously documented the extensive history of blackface, from the use of burnt cork makeup and minstrel shows that were popular well into the 20th century, to the involvement of famous figures like Elvis Presley, Babe Ruth, and even presidents like Abraham Lincoln. She also explores how the practice was normalized and promoted through organizations like the Elks Lodge and government-funded initiatives like the Federal Writers' Project.

  • Barnes has spent two decades researching this topic.
  • Blackface minstrelsy remained popular in the U.S. well into the second half of the 20th century.

The players

Rhae Lynn Barnes

A historian at Princeton University who has spent two decades researching the history of blackface minstrelsy in America and authored the book "Darkology: Blackface and the American Way of Entertainment".

James Baldwin

The renowned author and civil rights activist who understood the deep impact of the blackface tradition, noting that it comes as a "great shock" to discover that the American flag has not pledged allegiance to you.

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What’s next

The book is expected to spark important discussions and re-examinations of America's complex and troubling history with blackface and racism.

The takeaway

Rhae Lynn Barnes' meticulous research reveals the deep, pervasive, and disturbing roots of blackface minstrelsy in American culture, challenging the notion that it was a fringe or isolated phenomenon. Her book serves as a powerful reckoning with this harmful legacy and its lasting impact on the country.