Indigenous Resistance Day in Venezuela is a yearly occurrence observed on October 12 that seeks to shine a light on an oftentimes overlooked angle of history. Since 2002, Venezuela has broken from traditional celebrations associated with October 12, also known in the U.S. as Columbus Day. On this exact date in 1492, the Spanish explorer arrived in the Americas, and rapid recon and colonization of the continent ensued. To make sure history never forgets about the original communities within the territory, Venezuela celebrates Indigenous Resistance Day as an homage to its autochthonous people – their culture, identity, struggles, triumphs, and enduring legacy. Many Latin American countries and some U.S. states have followed suit and redefined the meaning of the date.
The Beginning of the Ten Years’ War
The Beginning of the Ten Years’ War is observed every year on October 10. It is regarded as the first instance of Cuban independence, and the country has it listed as one of its many public holidays. In 1868, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes made a declaration, also known as the “Grito de Yara,” or the “Cry of Yara,” that began the Ten Years’ War, the first of three armed conflicts against the Spanish occupation of Cuban territory. Much like any other independence-related holiday, this date holds major significance for Cubans, as it celebrates their identity, culture, and heritage nationwide.
Investiture Ceremony of the Captains Regent
The Investiture of the New Captains Regent in San Marino is a public holiday in the country that takes place twice a year, on April 1 and October 1. The captain’s regents are the Republic of San Marino’s two heads of state. The Grand and General Council, the country’s legislative body, elects them every six months. The Regents are picked from opposing political parties and serve for six months. Every year on April 1 and October 1, the captain’s regents are invested. This custom dates back to at least 1243.