High-Fat Dairy May Boost Brain Health, Study Finds

New research links full-fat cheese and cream to reduced dementia risk, but experts caution more study is needed.

Apr. 13, 2026 at 3:53am

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A glowing, vibrant neon outline of a wedge of cheese against a dark background, conceptually representing the potential brain-boosting benefits of high-fat dairy.A new study suggests that high-fat dairy products like cheese may hold the key to a sharper, healthier brain.Today in Milwaukee

A large, long-term study of over 27,000 Swedes found that consuming at least 50 grams of high-fat cheese daily was associated with a 13% lower risk of dementia, and 20 grams of high-fat cream daily was linked to a 16% decrease in dementia risk. However, the study had limitations, and experts say more research is needed to understand the complex relationship between dairy, saturated fats, and brain health.

Why it matters

This study challenges long-held beliefs about the health impacts of saturated fats, suggesting that certain full-fat dairy products may actually benefit brain function. If confirmed, these findings could reshape dietary guidelines and public understanding of nutrition. However, experts caution that a holistic approach to brain health, including physical activity, mental stimulation, and regular check-ups, is still recommended.

The details

The study, published in the journal Neurology, followed over 27,000 Swedes with an average age of 58 for nearly 25 years. Researchers found that participants who consumed at least 50 grams of high-fat cheese daily (about two slices) had a 13% lower risk of dementia, and those who ate 20 grams of high-fat cream daily saw a 16% decrease in dementia risk. The link was particularly strong for vascular dementia, with a 29% lower risk among high-fat cheese consumers. However, low-fat dairy options like skim milk, low-fat cheese, and yogurt did not show the same brain health benefits.

  • The study was published in April 2026.
  • Participants were followed for nearly 25 years, with dietary habits assessed at the start and after 5 years.

The players

Michelle King Reimer

A clinical assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Public Health.

Emily Sonestedt

One of the authors of the study published in Neurology.

Dr. Leicia Neumann

A representative from the Alzheimer's Association.

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What they’re saying

“The results are intriguing but not definitive.”

— Michelle King Reimer, Clinical assistant professor

“More research is needed, but this is a fascinating starting point.”

— Emily Sonestedt, Study author

“It's about a holistic approach, combining physical activity, good nutrition, mental stimulation, and regular health check-ups.”

— Dr. Leicia Neumann, Alzheimer's Association

What’s next

Researchers plan to conduct further studies to better understand the mechanisms behind the potential brain health benefits of high-fat dairy and to explore the impacts in more diverse populations.

The takeaway

While this study suggests high-fat dairy may have unexpected benefits for brain health, experts caution that a balanced, holistic approach to nutrition and lifestyle is still the best way to protect cognitive function. More research is needed to confirm these findings and understand the complex relationship between dairy, saturated fats, and dementia risk.