Unexplained Midsection Weight Gain Could Signal High Cortisol, Doctors Warn

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Experts say the number one sign of chronically elevated cortisol levels is unexplained weight gain around the midsection. This is because when cortisol is high, the body stores fat in the abdomen as a survival instinct to protect the internal organs. High cortisol can be caused by stress, illness, sleep deprivation, and other factors, and it can reduce insulin sensitivity, further contributing to weight gain.

Why it matters

Persistent stress and high cortisol levels can have significant negative effects on overall health, including impacting metabolism, blood sugar, blood pressure, and inflammation. Recognizing the signs of high cortisol, like unexplained abdominal weight gain, can help people address the underlying causes and take steps to manage their stress and cortisol levels.

The details

According to Dr. Brynna Connor, a family medicine physician, when cortisol levels are chronically elevated, the body naturally begins to store fat in the abdomen as a way to protect the internal organs from perceived stress or threat. This weight gain often occurs without changes in diet or exercise. High cortisol can also reduce insulin sensitivity, further increasing the likelihood of weight gain. Cortisol levels can be affected by physical illness, fever, sleep deprivation, inflammation, pregnancy, and emotional factors, as well as external factors like diet, alcohol, caffeine, medications, and supplements.

• The article was published on January 27, 2026.

What they’re saying

What’s next

If you're experiencing unexplained weight gain along with any changes in your health or daily life that could affect cortisol levels, it's recommended to speak to your doctor, who can do an assessment.