Gout Cases on the Rise as Lifestyle Factors Worsen Condition

Experts say proper medication and diet are key to managing the painful joint disease

Jan. 29, 2026 at 2:31am

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Gout, a painful joint condition caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood, has seen a global rise of over 20% since 1990. Factors like obesity, high blood pressure, and chronic kidney disease can worsen gout, which disproportionately affects men. While dietary changes are often emphasized, experts say long-term medication and a balanced diet are crucial for managing the condition.

Why it matters

Gout, once known as the "disease of kings," still carries stigma, with many believing it's only caused by gluttony or heavy drinking. However, the condition is largely genetic, and lifestyle factors like obesity and diet play a smaller role than commonly thought. Raising awareness about proper treatment is important, as only about one-third of gout patients receive effective medication.

The details

Gout is caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, often triggered by consuming foods high in purines like red meat, seafood, and some vegetables. While diet plays a role, genetics account for the majority of differences in uric acid levels. Certain populations, like those of Polynesian or Hmong descent, are at higher risk. Gout flare-ups can be debilitating, with pain so severe that even the lightest touch can be excruciating.

  • About 13 years ago, Kyle Edmondson first experienced gout symptoms.
  • Five years later, Edmondson was diagnosed with gout after repeated flare-ups.

The players

Kyle Edmondson

A product designer in his 20s living in Kentucky who was diagnosed with gout after years of painful flare-ups.

Tony Merriman

An epidemiologist at the University of Alabama at Birmingham who found that genetics account for most of the differences in uric acid levels, rather than diet.

Hyon Choi

The director of the Gout and Crystal Arthropathy Center at Harvard Medical School, who advises a balanced diet over strict low-purine diets for long-term gout management.

Ivan Haworth

A 45-year-old man living in Knoxville, Tennessee, who has gout and chronic kidney disease and struggled to find proper treatment for years.

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What’s next

Experts say finding the right medication dose and maintaining healthy uric acid levels through a balanced diet are key next steps for managing gout. Patients should work closely with their doctors to monitor uric acid levels and adjust treatment as needed.

The takeaway

Gout, once seen as a condition of excess, is on the rise globally due to factors like obesity and chronic health issues. While diet plays a role, proper long-term medication and a balanced lifestyle are crucial for managing this painful joint disease and preventing further complications.