Lincoln Vowed to Defend Liberty Even at Cost of Life

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In a speech at Independence Hall in Philadelphia in 1861, President-elect Abraham Lincoln affirmed his commitment to preserving the Union and the principles of liberty laid out in the Declaration of Independence, even if it cost him his life. Lincoln made clear he would not surrender these ideals, as multiple states had already seceded following his election victory.

Why it matters

Lincoln's speech at Independence Hall underscored his resolve to uphold the Founders' vision of liberty and equality, foreshadowing the pivotal role he would play in saving the Union and abolishing slavery during the Civil War, despite facing threats to his own life.

The details

In his impromptu but impassioned speech, Lincoln reflected on the sacrifices of the Founding Fathers and vowed that he would "rather be assassinated on this spot than to surrender" the principle of liberty, even as multiple states had already seceded following his election. He emphasized his desire to preserve the Union without bloodshed, but made clear he would not back down from defending the ideals laid out in the Declaration of Independence.

• Lincoln delivered the speech on February 22, 1861, which was George Washington's birthday.
• Multiple states had already seceded in protest of Lincoln's election prior to this speech.

What they’re saying

What’s next

Lincoln would go on to lead the Union through the Civil War, preserve the nation, and abolish slavery, though he was assassinated shortly after the war's end.