AI Chat Histories Could Become Evidence in Court

Uncertainty around legal status of AI conversations highlights risks for employers

Apr. 6, 2026 at 9:59pm

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A highly detailed, glowing 3D macro illustration of a futuristic AI neural network, with intricate circuits, pulsing neon lights, and a sense of technological complexity, conceptually representing the legal implications of AI-generated content.As AI chat histories become a new frontier for legal discovery, employers must navigate the risks of these digital records being used as evidence in court.NYC Today

Two recent federal court decisions have raised concerns that employees' AI chat histories could be used as evidence in lawsuits against their employers. While the legal status of these AI-generated records remains unsettled, courts may view them as discoverable business records rather than private communications, potentially exposing employers to new risks.

Why it matters

As generative AI tools like ChatGPT become more common in the workplace, the digital paper trail of employee interactions with these AI assistants could be subject to legal discovery and used as evidence in lawsuits. This uncertainty around the legal status of AI conversations highlights the need for employers to carefully consider the potential risks and implement policies to govern the use of these tools.

The details

The rulings in the Warner v. Gilbarco, Inc. and United States v. Heppner cases illustrate the conflicting approaches courts are taking when it comes to the discoverability of AI-generated content. In the Warner case, a federal court in Michigan found that a plaintiff's use of ChatGPT to help prepare her pro se case was protected as work product and not discoverable. However, in the Heppner case, a federal court in New York reached the opposite conclusion, holding that AI conversations generated by a criminal defendant were not protected and could be used as evidence.

  • In February 2026, the two federal court decisions were issued on the same day.
  • The Warner v. Gilbarco, Inc. case was decided in a federal court in Michigan.
  • The United States v. Heppner case was decided in a federal court in New York.

The players

Warner

The plaintiff in the case decided by the federal court in Michigan.

Gilbarco, Inc.

The defendant in the case decided by the federal court in Michigan.

Heppner

The criminal defendant in the case decided by the federal court in New York.

United States

The plaintiff in the case decided by the federal court in New York.

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What’s next

As the legal landscape around the discoverability of AI chat histories continues to evolve, employers should closely monitor future court rulings and updates to relevant laws and regulations. They should also review and update their policies and training to ensure employees understand the potential risks and limitations of using AI tools for sensitive or confidential matters.

The takeaway

The uncertainty surrounding the legal status of AI-generated records highlights the need for employers to proactively address the potential risks and implement clear policies to govern the use of these tools in the workplace. By taking a thoughtful and cautious approach, organizations can leverage the benefits of AI while mitigating the risks of inadvertently creating discoverable evidence.