California Sees Rise in Unenforced Mental Health Holds

Shift in police response leaves vulnerable individuals without immediate care

Mar. 15, 2026 at 3:13am

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A troubling trend is emerging across California, particularly in Sonoma County, where law enforcement agencies are increasingly hesitant to enforce involuntary psychiatric holds, known as 5150 holds, even when mental health professionals deem them necessary. This shift, fueled by legal concerns and a desire to avoid potential liability, is leaving vulnerable individuals without the immediate care they desperately need, and raising serious questions about the future of mental health crisis response.

Why it matters

The reluctance of law enforcement to enforce 5150 holds is a growing concern, as it leaves individuals in crisis without the support they require. This trend highlights the need for a more comprehensive and collaborative approach to mental health crisis response, involving mental health professionals, law enforcement, and community resources.

The details

Between December 1, 2024, and January 23, 2026, officers in Santa Rosa and Sonoma County's unincorporated areas refused to carry out a 5150 hold recommended by mental health crisis responders in 62 cases. This shift in approach is driven by legal concerns following the Scott v. Smith court case, which has prompted some agencies to re-evaluate their response protocols. As a result, several counties have announced changes, with some stating they will only respond to mental health calls when a crime is in progress or there's an immediate threat to public safety.

  • Between December 1, 2024, and January 23, 2026, officers refused to carry out 62 5150 holds recommended by mental health crisis responders in Santa Rosa and Sonoma County's unincorporated areas.

The players

Sonoma County Sheriff's Office

The county's law enforcement agency that has formalized a policy outlining 'considerations to disengage' if an individual is uncooperative and doesn't pose an immediate threat, raising concerns about leaving vulnerable individuals without the help they need.

Mobile Support Teams

Alternative response models in Sonoma County that pair mental health professionals with law enforcement, aiming to de-escalate situations and connect individuals with appropriate care. However, these teams are feeling the strain of the shifting landscape as their recommendations are not always followed.

Barbara and Denny Bozman-Moss

A family in Sonoma County who have faced challenges in getting their son, who suffers from schizoaffective disorder, the necessary care and support during mental health crises.

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What they’re saying

“We must not let individuals continue to damage private property in San Francisco.”

— Robert Jenkins, San Francisco resident (San Francisco Chronicle)

What’s next

Addressing this crisis requires a multi-faceted approach, including increased training for law enforcement on de-escalation techniques and mental health awareness, clarifying the legal parameters surrounding 5150 holds, and providing greater legal protection for officers acting in good faith. Expanding access to mental health services and investing in mobile crisis teams can also help reduce reliance on law enforcement intervention.

The takeaway

The shifting landscape of mental health crisis response in California highlights the need for a more collaborative and comprehensive approach that prioritizes the well-being of individuals in crisis. Addressing the underlying legal concerns and investing in adequate resources are crucial to ensuring vulnerable individuals receive the immediate care they need.