New Study Reveals Tree Shape Impacts Pollen Spread and Allergies

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A new study from researchers at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, the University of Rouen, and the University of Lille has developed an advanced mathematical model to understand how air flows around trees and carries pollen. The findings reveal that a tree's form, foliage density, branching patterns, and overall structure create complex airflow patterns that impact how pollen spreads, with implications for urban planning and allergy management.

Why it matters

The research is significant given the rising rates of allergies worldwide, with an estimated 33% of the Spanish population - 16 million people - suffering from allergies, half of which are triggered by pollen. Climate change is also extending the pollen season, increasing exposure and exacerbating symptoms. Understanding the relationship between tree shape and pollen dispersal can inform urban planning decisions to minimize pollen exposure in high-traffic areas.

The details

The researchers used advanced fluid simulation techniques to model the porosity of trees and incorporated an algorithm sensitive to wind conditions. Their findings showed that different tree shapes create different dispersal patterns - for example, they observed swirling patterns near trees like the tilo, compared to more linear patterns with oak trees. These airflow patterns are influenced by factors like foliage density, which changes with the seasons. By understanding these dynamics, urban planners can strategically select and position trees to reduce pollen exposure.

• The study was published in Physics of Fluids in 2026.

What they’re saying

What’s next

The research team is now working to expand their models to improve pollen dynamic prediction in urban environments, with the goal of reducing the risks associated with allergenic pollen in the air and informing future guidelines.